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Countries cannot simply grow out of fragility; economic growth is a necessary but insufficient condition. There are now more middle-income contexts classified as facing high and extreme fragility than low-income. They face specific fragility-related challenges linked to debt sustainability, sub-national violence, and conflict spillovers.?

Conflict-affected contexts tend to be exposed to higher levels of fragility, but the majority of? contexts facing high and extreme fragility are not in a state of war. Fragility however increases the risk of conflict or crisis. Helping countries and communities to address its drivers is thus key to preventing conflict and supporting peace.?

Fragility makes it hard to adapt to climate change, manage related risks, and cope with the impacts of biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. Yet, despite some recent progress, contexts with high and? extreme fragility? remain under-served by climate-related development finance. The OECD offers insights into ways to prioritise action on climate and environmental fragility and access the financing necessary to do so.?

Forced displacement creates urgent humanitarian needs, but it often also becomes a long-term phenomenon: with little perspective of returning to their countries of origin, many forcibly displaced people find themselves caught in a hosting environment that is already experiencing high levels of fragility. Beyond humanitarian support, therefore, development partners must facilitate their social and economic integration by reinforcing the capacities of national social systems and institutions.